Use of AI Statement

The journal acknowledges the increasing use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and AI-assisted technologies in scholarly communication. This policy is established to ensure that the use of AI complies with principles of academic integrity, transparency, accountability, and ethical publishing, in accordance with the recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

1. General Principles

AI tools may be used as supportive instruments in the research and writing process but must not replace human intellectual contribution, critical judgment, or ethical responsibility.

All authors remain fully responsible for the accuracy, originality, integrity, and validity of the content of their submissions.

Undisclosed or inappropriate use of AI that results in plagiarism, fabrication, falsification, or misrepresentation constitutes research misconduct.

2. AI and Authorship

Artificial Intelligence systems and automated tools cannot be listed as authors or co-authors under any circumstances.

Authorship implies accountability, intellectual contribution, the ability to approve the final manuscript, and responsibility for the work — criteria that AI systems cannot fulfill.

Only human contributors who meet established authorship criteria may be credited as authors.

3. Disclosure of AI Use

Authors must transparently disclose any use of AI or AI-assisted technologies in the preparation of the manuscript at the time of submission.

The disclosure should include:

  • The name of the AI tool or model used

  • The version (if available)

  • The specific purpose of use (e.g., language editing, translation, data analysis assistance, visualization)

  • The extent of human oversight and verification

This disclosure should be included in the manuscript (e.g., Acknowledgments or Methods section).

4. Acceptable Uses of AI

Acceptable uses include, but are not limited to:

  • Language editing or grammar correction

  • Translation

  • Formatting assistance

  • Literature search support

  • Data analysis tools that are part of the research methodology (with proper description)

All AI-generated output must be carefully reviewed, verified, and edited by the authors.

5. Unacceptable Uses of AI

The following uses are not permitted unless explicitly justified as part of the research methodology and properly disclosed:

  • Generating substantive scientific content without human verification

  • Fabricating or manipulating data, images, or results

  • Producing references or citations without validation

  • Peer review assistance that compromises confidentiality

  • Uploading confidential or unpublished material into public AI systems

6. Responsibility and Accountability

Authors are solely responsible for all content in their manuscripts, including any portions generated or assisted by AI tools.

Authors must ensure that AI-assisted content:

  • Does not violate copyright

  • Does not contain plagiarism

  • Is factually accurate

  • Is free from bias or fabricated information

7. Editorial Oversight

The editorial team reserves the right to:

  • Request additional disclosure regarding AI use

  • Reject manuscripts that violate this policy

  • Investigate suspected misconduct in accordance with COPE guidelines

  • Retract published articles if undisclosed AI misuse is discovered

8. Policy Updates

This policy will be reviewed periodically to reflect evolving standards in scholarly publishing and developments in AI technologies.